You must be paranoid! Or then again... Imagine being diagnosed with schizophrenia in 2012. Imagine being recently discharged from a mental hospital and, in the privacy of your own home, swallowing an antipsychotic medication as part of your ongoing treatment. Imagine that the powdered medicine was wrapped in a capsule that included a tiny microchip and a microscopic antenna. When the capsule you swallowed mixed with the gastric juices in your digestive system, the microchip and antenna would be activated and transmit information to your doctor's computer or phone about the type of pill you took and the time it entered your stomach. Imagine that the microchip and antenna continued to transmit information to your doctor about your sleep, PH balance and body temperature.
My friends, this is not a delusion or a paranoid conspiracy theory. The technology I am describing exists and is under consideration for use in proposed research studies on health IT treatment interventions for those of us diagnosed with schizophrenia.
Please be clear. Medication has been helpful in my recovery and I believe there is place for the judicious use of meds in mental health. The capsules or pills that are currently available from our pharmacies DO NOT have microchips and antennae, and they are not feeding back information to our doctors. However, we are in brave new world and the future is upon us. Information technologies are emerging all around us and these technologies have unprecedented capacity to track our personal biometrics and feed our personal metrics back to health authorities.
What should informed consent be like in the event that we are offered a "Police Pill" or, phrased more benignly, an "Assisted Treatment Pill"? Who should control access to the personal information that is generated by such pills? What action should be taken based on the information that is collected by such pills? Should your employer be warned that you have not slept in 2 days? Should a psychiatrist or case manager come to our home if we have not swallowed prescribed medicine in a timely fashion? Should family members receive a notice if the microchip says that we have not been sleeping enough? Should our doctor or nurse adjust dosages of medication based on biometric information received from these "smart pills"?
One of the reasons I created CommonGround was to begin to carve out a vision for the just use of technology to support recovery and informed medical decision making. I am proud of the work my team has done to create a web application that supports informed choice, recovery and shared decision making. I am proud to say that over 10,000 people in public sector mental health systems in the U.S. are using CommonGround. Personal Medicine, Power Statements, Decision Support and Shared Decision Making: These are the cornerstones of the CommonGround web application. CommonGround paints a vision about how health information technologies can be emancipatory and used to enhance self-determination for those of us who are devalued by our society. There is no doubt that health IT can be used for good. But so much more work needs to be done.
I urge consumer/survivors and our allies to join with me in the development of health and wellness technologies that reflect the values of recovery, choice and person centered care. If we don't do it, I am convinced that nobody will. I urge medical ethicists to partner with consumer/survivors to develop models for the just use of information technologies. I urge consumer/survivors to spread this post to friends and allies. I invite each one of you to respond with your ideas of what our communities should do to address the promise and the peril of modern health information technologies. Thanks and I look forward to hearing from you.




Comments
Sounds like it is time to develop, in advance, an agenda of Medical Ethics for CSX around this and other critical interventions/invasions that are inevitable as long as health is mixed with social control.
Can't hardly wait until we have to check what it is that we eat or drink for these sorts of nanobots etc.
I would be interested in an organized discussion of the development of sets of principles around this kind of issue and others. Much like those that Craig Ventnor (the Human Genome guy that mapped the genome) has suggested around the parameters and limits of genetic experiments and the sequestration of certain kinds of invasive or volatile genetic research.
Drake Ewbank
I can see these pills having a lot of potential benefits and harms. The situation ... the context ... seems really relevant. But I think there's something else that to consider. What are the assumptions of the environment where the new technology will be used? And how does the technology affect those assumptions? Will it reinforce those assumptions? Will it promote a different set of assumptions? Will it do both? Will it do neither?
Suppose the pill with a microchip does improve a numerical figure like reducing costs or hospitalizations. However, if it reinforces a particular way of doing things that is harmful, then one cannot say it's only beneficial. It would be mixed, both beneficial and harmful. Also, benefits and harms don't affect the same individuals in the same way. Sometimes the benefits are only felt by some individuals and the harms are only felt by others. Such a result would more harmful than the sum of its parts.
People who have experienced similar situations first-hand have a lot to say about this!
In full appreciation of the amount that has already been written, movies that have been made, etc., I still think a lot of what is missing are simple, compelling ways of explaining these situation to outsiders not familiar. How can people in the CSX movement explain this situation in a way that others can hear and understand, and connect it with things they care about?
John
We have only to look to history to find common ground (Common Ground, hey!) in the struggle to insist on informed consent, informed shared decision making, and an end to coercive and forced mediacal and psychiatric "treatment". The current struggle to perserve or, sadlyyes, even reinvent, civil and human rights IS the civil rights struggle of our times. Some think that rights for GLBTQqIi folks is where this struggle lies, but it goes much deeper than even this. In fact historically the two are tied together, if not joined at the hip.
In my 16th year, that would have been 1965, I was incarcarated for several months in "seclusion" in a Boston area "shock joint". This was so that MH professionals could convince my mother that I 'needed' electroconvulsive 'therapy' (or shock treatments) in order to 'cure' my purported 'illness' of homosexuality. My point is that trends in diagnosing what constitutes 'mental illness' are often politically motivated, as Dr. Deegan has so cogently pointed out to us previously.
After 1972 the law of the land changed to mandate informed consent when Jean Heller, an American Press reporter, broke the story of the so-called Tuskeegee Syphillis Study, in the Washington Post. The United States Health Service Sponsored 'experiment' took 616 poor rural men who were seeking treatment, and lied to them from 1932 to 1972, apparently believing that their 'right' to know superceded any right the men might have made claim to. This was far from being kept a 'secret', but Ms. Heller's article raised the ethical questions which needed to be asked and then turned the country around.
'Medicalized' encrochment on our freedoms is nothing new. Even today court ordered, and/or psychiatrically and guardianship coerced abortion and "sterilizations" are ordered for those of us with MH diagnoses, as in the 'bad old days.' Apparently we need constant vigilance and struggle to work against these. You can bet that most of this stuff happens to 'minority' and minority status (i.e. women).
I have no doubt the technology exists and someone is raring to use it on folks. Serious stuff to consider with bigger minds than mine.
My mind is wondering who will be willing to to pay to keep track of us? Giving that the meds I need are out of my reach, free nano-laced Geodon would be acceptable.
Cathyh
The unfortunate reality is that there are still people behind research, policy, and practice decisions that hold the following philosophical assumptions:
1. Pill medications are the most important treatment interventions for what is collectively labeled as mental illnesses.
2. The reason most people do not take pill medicines is that they lack “insight” into their mental illness.
3. The “right” medications that people need are what are prescribed by the prescriber who does possess “insight.”
4. If people are not closely monitored in their use of psychiatric medications, they will not take them or not take them “correctly”
What this ignores is the complex decision making process people go through when deciding whether or not to use pill medication as part of their recovery. It does not take into account how past and present experiences with pill medications, treatment interventions, and interactions with treatment professionals affect decision making. It limits the value placed on other life choices that people must weigh into their decision to take medications.
While I don’t have all the references at hand, there is a growing body of evidence that people want to be involved in their decisions regarding medications, have valid uncertainties in taking medications they wish to discuss, and have the capacity to engage in discussion about the use of medications. Even so, there is a considerable lack of research on the decision making process regarding medications compared to the literature base on compliance vs. non-compliance.
Many people do decide to take pill medicine and do so because they see a value in the medications that fits within their overall life context. This decision is made easier when they are presented with accurate information (including the benefits, harms, and reasonable expectations of what the medication can do), professionals who are willing to understand and discuss their personal values and life goals in the decision making process, being presented with multiple options on how to achieve stated life goals or overcoming difficulties they are presently experiencing, and support for carrying out the decisions they make.
Unfortunately, many people also take medication because of fear associated with possibly losing services or supports, being subjected to forced hospitalization, or being reported to those who have the authority to make life more difficult. This doesn't seem like a good approach to improving the therapuetic alliance or effective shared decision making.
The goal should be to help people be more active in engaging in decisions around their overall health and wellness, not reinforce the position of the person as passive recipient of medications. Beyond all the obvious ethical violations, the thought of a “pill police” conjures for me, I am concerned about the message this reinforces about the capabilities of people to engage in making important life decisions that will affect them profoundly. It shows we still have considerable work to do in changing perceptions and behaviors of people who influence research, policy and practice decisions.
Rick Goscha
For those dealing with delusions and beliefs based on an implanted Chip in their brain or elsewhere, this certainly would feed right into that belief system.
That being said, it would be of benefit and perhaps less costly then the current monitoring.
As usual, it would depend upon the person being treated.
Another concern would be how effective and effected this would be with possible interference from other devices.
I am not surprised that they are spending money for research into new technologies meant to control us. Add them to the recent attempt at forced abortion and sterilization of a woman with a diagnosis of mental illness is Massachusetts just this week, not 50 years ago as one might think - and you will see that our entire history as a group of people has been through and through about control - and making money off of us.
As "mental illnesses" have been medicalized, we have decreased in status, not become normalized, like people with substance abuse issues. This is because the psychiatrists along with the pharmaceutical industry will do whatever they must to maintain their profit margins by pushing drugs that are extremely addictive and hard to withdraw from on people for whom therapy is more appropriate, especially with the increasing knowledge of the long term health risks and early deaths of people taking psychiatric drugs.
Censor pills ready to go to market in the UK: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/the-chips-that-are-good-for-yo... and http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/healthnews/9019651/New-smart-pill-tell...
An American company, Proteus Biomedical, is developing the technology and cite, as part of their mission, full patient empowerment! http://www.centerwatch.com/news-online/article/1338
I find this truly horrifying and very Orwellian. I won't repeat the cogent points made by many commenters above - inlcuding Drake, Naomi, Rick and Rachel... but this development is yet another encroachment on individual liberty and the right to truly informed consent. We should be very afraid.
This is scary! Back in 1968 I was a teenage voluntary patient on a psychiatric ward and the ward sister snatched at my hands and frisked me over because she thought I was not taking my pills. That was bad enough. Surely I had every right not to take my pills (though at that time it had never entered my head not to take them). I believe the pills were both harmful and unnecessary for me, and I wish now that I'd stopped taking them sooner. How far have things improved since 1968 for people being treated with a medical model approach? If this method to increase complicity starts being used, I fear things have only gone from bad to worse.
Here is a demonstration of the pill microchip: http://youtu.be/mgYHWK7QX18 and a great article about the dangers inherent in its use: http://gaia-health.com/gaia-blog/2012-01-17/privacy-disappears-in-medica...
I can see how this technology could have useful applications that could help advance our knowledge, but unfortunately, I have little to no faith that it would not be applied in ways that are dangerous and destructive. I can well imagine a day when individuals are denied insurance or other types of basic care and services based on a non-disputable record (after all the data does not lie right?) of "non-compliance" which serves as an electronic scarlet letter that is tatooed on their virtual personhood forever there after. Scary scary stuff.
This concerns me, if a person is deemed not to have capacity, then they can already be forced to have treatment. What happens once they have regained capacity? Can they choose to stop this?... I find this very scary!
This concerns me, if a person is deemed not to have capacity, then they can already be forced to have treatment. What happens once they have regained capacity? Can they choose to stop this?... I find this very scary!
Hi, What a wonderful blog to have discovered through the Mother Bear Community Action Network.
We need to be doing research about recovery, and building places of respite for people and caregivers. We need access to real rehabilitation, such as with community healing residential treatment centers.
Finding more ways to control people diagnosed with schizophrenia is ridiculous (because they are plenty of ways already in place with court ordered forced injections and such) --and more control is not at all in the best interest of the people and/or patients diagnosed.
This technology is scary. America's mental healthcare system hasn't changed all that much since it began, but hopefully there is hope.
Hopefully more people will start standing up for human rights and more organizations like Common Ground and the Mother Bear Community will begin to show up across the nation.
Hey Mother Bear. Great to hear from you. Do you folks have a website up yet?
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